Efeito do treinamento concorrente na composição corporal de animais submetidos ao consumo de refrigerante / Effect of concurrent in the body composition of animals submitted to refrigerant consumption

Objetivo ­ Analisar as alterações impostas pelo treinamento concorrente na composição corporal de ratos submetidos ao consumo de refrigerante. Métodos ­ 32 ratos machos da raça Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos: Controle (C); Controle Refrigerante (CR); Treinamento Concorrente (TC) e Treinamento Concorrente e Refrigerante (TCR). Os grupos CR e TCR receberam a bebida (0,41 cal/g) do trigésimo ao nonagésimo dia de vida. Foram submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento concorrente, 3x/semana, pelo período de quatro semanas. O protocolo de treino foi composto por 30 minutos de treinamento aeróbio, à 80% do limiar anaeróbio, seguido do treinamento resistido, composto por 4 séries de 10 saltos e sobrecarga de 50% do peso corporal de cada animal. Após 48 horas da última sessão de treinamento, os animais foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos e mensuraram-se as variáveis de peso corporal, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Índice de Lee (Lee). Além disso, foi coletado o tecido adiposo epididimal. Resultados ­ Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os índices antropométricos (p>0,05). Houve aumento do peso corporal e gordura visceral nos animais que consumiram refrigerantes. Apenas a variável peso corporal demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Foi verificado que a glicose sanguínea de jejum se apresentou mais baixa nos grupos que receberam refrigerantes (p<0,05). Conclusão ­ O refrigerante alterou de forma significativa as variáveis de peso corporal, glicose sanguínea de jejum e consumo de água e ração

Objective ­ To analyze the changes imposed by concurrent training on the body composition of rats submitted to the consumption of soda. Methods ­ 32 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Control (C); Refrigerant Control (CR); Concurrent Training (TC) and Concurrent Training and Refrigerant (TCR). The CR and TCR groups received the beverage (0.41cal/g) from the 30th to the 90th day of life. They underwent a concurrent training protocol, 3x / week, for a period of four weeks. The training protocol consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic training at 80% of the anaerobic threshold, followed by resistance training consisting of 4 sets of 10 jumps and 50% overload of each animal's body weight. 48 hours after the last training session, the animals underwent surgical procedures and the variables body weight, body mass index (BMI) and Lee index (Lee) were measured. In addition, epididymal adipose tissue was collected. Results ­ No significant differences were found between anthropometric indices (p> 0.05). There was an increase in body weight and visceral fat in animals that consumed soda. Only the body weight variable showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). It was found that fasting blood glucose was lower in the groups that received soda (p <0.05). Conclusion ­ The soda significantly changed the variables of body weight, fasting blood glucose and water and feed intake

Effects of consumption of soft drinks on the muscular morphology of animals submitted to concurrent training / Efecto del consumo de bebidas refrescantes en la morfología muscular de animales sometidos a entrenamiento concurrente

The consumption of industrialized foods and beverages contributes to the increase in body weight and manifestation of diverse illnesses. Among these industrialized products, soft drinks can be mentioned, which when consumed in large quantities can contribute to weight gain and the emergence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. In terms of performance, several training protocols have been used, among which concurrent training is presented as a tool that can aid in the control of body weight and muscle development. Thus, the identification of dietary factors, as well as the use of appropriate training methods, can be essential factors in the increase in physical performance. To study the effects of concurrent training on the skeletal muscles of animals submitted to soft drink consumption. In the present study, 32 male rats were used, of the Wistar breed, in the post-weaning biological phase (30 days). The animals performed a concurrent training protocol. Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the animals were submitted to a surgical procedure to remove samples of gastrocnemius muscle. After preparation of the histological slides, the muscle fibers of the different groups of animals were measured. The median values for the minimum diameter of muscle fibers presented the following values: Control (C): 35.78, Control Soft Drinks (CSD): 36.93, Training (T): 39.12, and Training Soft Drinks (TSD): 37.82. The CSD and TSD groups demonstrated the greatest increase in body mass in relation to the C and T groups. In addition, the groups that performed the concurrent training presented a higher mean of the smallest fiber diameter. It was concluded that the ingestion of soft drinks had a negative effect on the muscular hypertrophy of animals submitted to a concurrent training protocol.

El consumo de alimentos y bebidas industrializadas contribuyen al aumento de peso corporal y manifestación de diversas enfermedades. Entre estos alimentos, se encuentran las bebidas refrescantes, que al ser consumidas en grandes proporciones, pueden contribuir al aumento de peso y a la aparición de enfermedades crónicas, tales como la hipertensión, diabetes y obesidad. En cuanto al desempeño, diversos protocolos han sido utilizados, entre estos, el entrenamiento concurrente que puede ser una forma de ayuda en el control de peso corporal y el desarrollo muscular. Siendo así, la identificación de los factores alimentarios, como también la utilización de los métodos correctos de entrenamiento, pueden ser esenciales en el aumento del desempeño físico. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos del entrenamiento concurrente en la musculatura esquelética de animales sometidos al consumo de bebidas refrescantes. En la presente investigación fueran utilizadas 32 ratas Wistar. Los animales fueran sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente. Después de 48 horas de la última sesión de entrenamiento, los animales fueran sometidos a un proceso quirúrgico para la remoción de muestras de tejido muscular. Los valores de la media del diámetro de las fibras musculares fueron: Control (C): 35,78; Control y Bebida Refrescante (CBR): 36,93; Entrenamiento (ET): 39,12; y Entrenamiento y Bebida Refrescante (EBR): 37,82. Se observó que los grupos CBR y EBR presentaron mayor aumento de masa corporal en comparación con C y T. Además, los grupos que realizaran el entrenamiento concurrente obtuvieron una mayor media en el diámetro de las fibras. Es posible concluir que el consumo de bebidas refrescantes tiene una influencia negativa en la hipertrofia muscular de animales sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente.

Genetic parameters of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in melon / Parâmetros genéticos da resistência a Meloidogyne incognita em meloeiro

ABSTRACT: In order to assess the genetic control of resistance in the melon ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three blocks and six treatments using the parental lines ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ (P1 resistant) and JAB 20 (P2 susceptible), as well as F1, F2, and backcross generations (RC1P1 and RC1P2). Seventy days after inoculation, individual plants were evaluated for resistance using the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was rejected by the chi-square test (χ2), and results indicated that resistance is controlled by more than one gene locus, as confirmed by the quantitative analysis that revealed the presence of six genes.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de avaliar o controle genético da resistência do melão ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ ao nematoide de galha Meloidogyne incognita, foi conduzido um experimento em blocos casualizados com três blocos e seis tratamentos, os quais envolveram as linhas parentais ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ (P1, resistente) e JAB 20 (P2, suscetível), assim como as gerações F1, F2, e retrocruzamentos (RC1P1 e RC1P2). Avaliaram-se plantas individuais após 70 dias da inoculação com o patógeno, por meio do fator de reprodução do nematoide (FR). A hipótese de herança monogênica foi rejeitada pelo teste do qui-quadrado (χ2), indicando que a resistência está sob controle de mais de um loci gênico, sendo confirmado pela análise quantitativa, que evidenciou a presença de seis genes.